QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN APPLIED LINGUISTICS: THE IMPORTANCE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE INTERVIEW IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE ANXIETY RESEARCH
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Abstract
This paper aims to highlight the importance of the use of qualitative research methods in applied linguistics. Through a detailed theoretical review of the literature supporting the validity of the use of qualitative data, special attention is given to the interview – an instrument that gives a detailed and unambiguous insight into the perspective of the respondents. The practice is that in the field of applied linguistics quantitative research methods are often combined with qualitative ones in order to obtain a more complete picture and to visualize the research problem from the inside, by allowing respondents to describe the essence of the problem in their own words. As an example of the aforementioned theoretical assumptions, this paper provides a detailed overview of the use of qualitative research methods in the study of language anxiety in a classroom situation, and communication apprehension among primary school students, wherein the results obtained using the interview, a qualitative instrument, affect the final interpretation of the results obtained by quantitative research.
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Suzić, R. R. (2018). QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN APPLIED LINGUISTICS: THE IMPORTANCE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE INTERVIEW IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE ANXIETY RESEARCH. Methodical Perspectives, 8(8), 329–353. https://doi.org/10.19090/mv.2017.8.329-353
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Section
НАСТАВА СТРАНИХ ЈЕЗИКА, КЊИЖЕВНОСТИ И КУЛТУРА
References
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Foxman, P. (2004). The worried child. Berkeley, CA: Hunter House Publishers.
Gregersen, T. and Horwitz, E. (2002). “Language Learning and Perfectionism: Anxious and Non-Anxious Learners’ Reactions to their Own Oral Performance”. The Modern Language Journal 86 (4): 562–570.
Hirsjärvi, S. and Hurme, H. (2001). Research Interview: The Theory and Practice of Theme Interview. Helsinki: Yliopistopaino.
Horwitz, E. (1996). “Even Teachers Get the Blues: Recognizing and Alleviating Non-Native Teachers’ Feelings of Foreign Language Anxiety”. Foreign Language Annuals 29: 365–372.
Horwitz, E. K. (2001). “Language anxiety and achievement”. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 21: 112–126.
Horwitz, E. K., Horwitz, M. B. and Cope, J. (1986). “Foreign language classroom anxiety”. The Modern Language Journal 70: 125–132.
MacIntyre, P. D. and Gardner, R. C. (1991a). “Methods and results in the study of anxiety and language learning: a review of the literature”. Language Learning 41 (1): 85–117.
Marshall, C. and Rossman, G. B. (2006). Designing Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
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Merton, R. K., Fiske, M. and Kendall, P. (1956). The Focused Interview. A Manual of Problems and Procedures. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
Nuto, E. (2003). Subjective Experiences of Communication Apprehension in English. University of Jyväskylä. Master’s Thesis.
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
Pérez-Paredes, P. F. and Martínez-Sánchez, F. (2000/2001)“A Spanish version of the foreign language classroom anxiety scale: Revisiting Aida’s factor analysis”. Resla v. 14: 337–352.
Radić-Bojanić, B. (2012). “Uloga kvalitativnog istraživanja u primenjenoj lingvistici”, u: Jezici i kulture u vremenu i prostoru, ur. Snežana Gudurić (Novi Sad: Filozofski fakultet): 309–318.
Schensul, J. J. (2008). “Methods“, in: The Sage Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications: 521-526.
Seale, C. (2003). “Quality in qualitative research”, in: Turning points in qualitative research, ed. Y. S. Denzin (Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press): 169–184.
Walsh, K. (2003). “Qualitative research: Advancing the science and practice of hospitality”. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly 44 (2): 66–74.
Yli-Renko, K. (1993). Intercultural Communication in Foreign Language Education. Research Reports A: 168: University of Turku. Faculty of Education.
Alanen, R. (2003). “A sociocultural approach to young language learners’ beliefs about language learning“, in: Beliefs about SLA: New research approaches,eds. P. Kalaja & A. M. F. Barcelos (Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers): 55–85.
Arnold, J. (1999). Affect in language learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Auberbach, C. F. and Silverstein, L. B. (2003). Qualitative data: An introduction to coding and analysis. New York: New York University Press.
Ay, S. (2010). “Young adolescent students' foreign language anxiety in relation to language skills at different levels”. The Journal of International Social Research, 3(11): 83-91..
Brinkmann, S. (2008). “Interviewing“, in: The Sage Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods, ed. L. M. Given (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Incorporated): 470–472.
Denzin, N. K. and Lincoln Y. S. Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, Inc., 2000.
Ezzi, N. A. (2012). “The impact of gender on the foreign language anxiety of the Yemeni university students”. International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature 1(2): 65–75.
Foxman, P. (2004). The worried child. Berkeley, CA: Hunter House Publishers.
Gregersen, T. and Horwitz, E. (2002). “Language Learning and Perfectionism: Anxious and Non-Anxious Learners’ Reactions to their Own Oral Performance”. The Modern Language Journal 86 (4): 562–570.
Hirsjärvi, S. and Hurme, H. (2001). Research Interview: The Theory and Practice of Theme Interview. Helsinki: Yliopistopaino.
Horwitz, E. (1996). “Even Teachers Get the Blues: Recognizing and Alleviating Non-Native Teachers’ Feelings of Foreign Language Anxiety”. Foreign Language Annuals 29: 365–372.
Horwitz, E. K. (2001). “Language anxiety and achievement”. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 21: 112–126.
Horwitz, E. K., Horwitz, M. B. and Cope, J. (1986). “Foreign language classroom anxiety”. The Modern Language Journal 70: 125–132.
MacIntyre, P. D. and Gardner, R. C. (1991a). “Methods and results in the study of anxiety and language learning: a review of the literature”. Language Learning 41 (1): 85–117.
Marshall, C. and Rossman, G. B. (2006). Designing Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Maxwell, J. A. (1992). “Understanding and validity in qualitative research“, in: The qualitative researcher’s companion, ed. A. M. Mile (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications); 37–64.
McCroskey, J. C. (1997b). “Willingness to Communicate, Communication Apprehension and Self-Perceived Communication Competence: Conceptualization and Perspectives“, in: Avoiding Communication. Shyness, Reticence and Communication Apprehension, eds. J. A. Daly, J. C. McCroskey, J. Ayres, T. Hopf and D. M. Ayres (Cresskill, New Jersey: Hampton Press, Inc.): 75–108.
Merton, R. K., Fiske, M. and Kendall, P. (1956). The Focused Interview. A Manual of Problems and Procedures. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
Nuto, E. (2003). Subjective Experiences of Communication Apprehension in English. University of Jyväskylä. Master’s Thesis.
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
Pérez-Paredes, P. F. and Martínez-Sánchez, F. (2000/2001)“A Spanish version of the foreign language classroom anxiety scale: Revisiting Aida’s factor analysis”. Resla v. 14: 337–352.
Radić-Bojanić, B. (2012). “Uloga kvalitativnog istraživanja u primenjenoj lingvistici”, u: Jezici i kulture u vremenu i prostoru, ur. Snežana Gudurić (Novi Sad: Filozofski fakultet): 309–318.
Schensul, J. J. (2008). “Methods“, in: The Sage Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications: 521-526.
Seale, C. (2003). “Quality in qualitative research”, in: Turning points in qualitative research, ed. Y. S. Denzin (Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press): 169–184.
Walsh, K. (2003). “Qualitative research: Advancing the science and practice of hospitality”. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly 44 (2): 66–74.
Yli-Renko, K. (1993). Intercultural Communication in Foreign Language Education. Research Reports A: 168: University of Turku. Faculty of Education.